She was often described as the handmaiden and personal messenger of Hera . Iris pointed them [the Argonauts] out to her when she saw them leaving the hall. Most notably, she would come to transport Aphrodite back to Olympus after the goddess had been severely wounded by Diomedes. This included other realms. methinks I can hear the rustle of the swift wings of a god from heaven. Iris : I? Quickly she reached the hill of Romulus with Thaumantea [Iris]. Yellow iris symbolizes passion while white iris symbolizes purity. 4.479, Vergil Aeneid 9.2, Cicero De Natura Deorum 3.20) 2 In the Homeric poems she appears as the minister of the Olympian gods, who carries messages from Ida to Olympus, from gods to gods, and from gods to men. And at her rebuke they fled all together, every one that she came to, along the waters. As for you, his messenger, if you annoy me, I shall begin by getting between your thighs, and even though you are Iris, you will be surprised at the erection the old man can produce; it's three times as good as the ram on a ship's prow! 189 ff (trans. Go on your way, swift Iris, and carry my word to Hektor (Hector) : [He gives her a message.] Spiritual Significance of Irises. . Seek also about seagirt Lemnos, and if you find him tell him to charm the eyes of Zeus uncharmable for one day, that I may help the Indians. ", Homer, Iliad 15. 702 ff : Iris was a swift messenger goddess in Greek mythology and a popular subject for vase painting, but better known as the goddess of the rainbow because Hermes (Mercury) is known as the messenger god. Rouse) (Greek epic C5th A.D.) : You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. This Goddess had no specific myths of her own or temples discovered that were dedicated to her. Her husband is Zephryus (west wind). Iris Facts & Trivia. Please like and share this article if you found it useful. . 350 ff (trans. She could travel very quickly from Mount Olympus to Earth, and could even journey quickly into Hades. "Thaumas and Elektra (Electra) had [children] Iris and the Harpyiai (Harpies) named Aello and Okypete (Ocypete). "The winged Arcadian [Hermes] is the messenger of supreme Jove [Zeus]; Juno [Hera] hath power over the rain-bringing Thaumantian [Iris the rainbow]. Iris swiftly delivers the message to Priam and returns to Olympus. She also serves nectar to the goddesses and gods to drink. She wore wings on her shoulders and usually carried a pitcher in one hand. She is depicted as a beautiful golden goddess, with wings (for flight), sandals, a staff, and a tunic. N.S. 270 ff (trans. Facts About the Flowers 1. Tell him . ", Stasinus of Cyprus or Hegesias of Aegina, Cypria Fragment 1 (from Proclus, Chrestomanthia) (trans. With about 200 different species scattered worldwide, gardeners probably know fewer of these flowers than any other popular group. . Brigid - Irish/Celtic goddess of fire. Looking out for signs of Iris is an enjoyable pastime for many people. [21][22], According to the lost epic Cypria by Stasinus, it was Iris who informed Menelaus, who had sailed off to Crete, of what had happened back in Sparta while he was gone, namely his wife Helen's elopement with the Trojan Prince Paris as well as the death of Helen's brother Castor. Homeric Hymn 2 to Demeter 315 ff (trans. [31] The ancient playwright Achaeus wrote Iris, a now lost satyr play, which might have been the source of those vases' subject. ", Ovid, Metamorphoses 1. Do you need to be needed? (2020, August 27). Online version at Harvard University Press. Who are you and from what country? Rhod. "[In this comedy the Birds have built a fortress in the air blocking the gods' access to the earth :] The Ancient Greeks made Iris the goddess of the rainbow because as a meteorological phenomenon, the rainbow appears to connect heaven and earth, so its spirit serves as the link between the gods and the mortals. Iris, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna. . views 1,659,901 updated Jun 11 2018. Iris : I do not understand it. As a goddess, Iris is associated with communication, messages, the rainbow, and new endeavors. A daughter of Saturn, she is the wife of Jupiter and the mother of Mars, Vulcan, Bellona and Juventas. [31], In Euripides' play Heracles Gone Mad, Iris appears alongside Lyssa, the goddess of madness and insanity, cursing Heracles with the fit of madness in which he kills his three sons and his wife Megara. The ancient Greeks described her as swift footed, suggesting she could respond rapidly to requests. . . [1], The ancient Greek noun means both the rainbow[2] and the halo of the Moon. She was the handmaiden ofHeraand served nectar to the Gods. AELLOPUS (Aellopous), a surname of Iris, the messenger of the gods, by which she is described as swift-footed like a storm-wind. What! ", Ovid, Metamorphoses 4. Strengths: Faithful, loyal and a shapeshifter. Zeus whose purposes are infinite calls you. . The hearts of the great can be changed. . In my time I have gone into many battles among men, yet never have I seen a host like this, not one so numerous. "The goddess [Aphrodite] departed in pain [from the Trojan battlefield], hurt badly [by Diomedes], and Iris wind-footed took her by the hand and led her away from the battle, her lovely skin blood-darkened, wounded and suffering . Dutch Iris. Instead, she is portrayed as a beautiful, winged Goddess, holding a pitcher full of nectar. Apart from being the messenger goddess, Iris had the duty of bringing water from the River Styx whenever the gods had a solemn oath to take. Near the Cimmerii a cavern lies deep in the hollow of a mountainside, the home and sanctuary of lazy Somnus [Hypnos] . After the war was won by Zeus and his allies, Zeus tore Arke's wings from her and in time gave them as a gift to the Nereid Thetis at her wedding to Peleus, who in turn gave them to her son, Achilles, who wore them on his feet. . The Shape Shifter has the ability to change her physical appearance. 134) and Virgil (Aen. . . Rieu) (Greek epic C3rd B.C.) Iris, as the messenger, goes to meet them, but she is ridiculed, insulted, and threatened with rape by their leader Pisetaerus, an elderly Athenian man. : Alcaeus, Fragment 327 (from Plutarch, Dialogue on Love) (trans. . ", Quintus Smyrnaeus, Fall of Troy 12. Zephyrus, who is the god of the west wind, is her consort. 77 ff (trans. ", Homer, Iliad 8. "Iris glided down to earth along her many-coloured bow. Ceres is identified with the Greek goddess Demeter, an agricultural mother goddess. There is often much art, such as vases and murals, shown of her because she is worshiped and very beautiful. Her name has also been interpreted as Queen of the Throne, and her . Then, her task performed, Iris departed, for she could no more endure the power of Somnus [Hypnos], as drowsiness stole seeping through her frame, and fled away back o'er the arching rainbow as she came . As a messenger, she was also one of the few beings that could freely cross between different realms. . Respecting the worship of Iris very few traces have come down to us, and we only know that the Delians offered to her on the island of Hecate cakes made of wheat and honey and dried figs. Athena is an ancient Greek goddess of wisdom, handicraft and warfare. The space of the continents did bold Ares watch . The brothers had driven off the monsters from their torment of the prophet Phineus, but did not kill them upon the request of Iris, who promised that Phineus would not be bothered by the Harpies again. Was the Griffin a Bird from Greek Mythology. Her Etruscan counterpart was Uni, and she was said to also watch over the women of Rome. Theaet. Plunging first in to the Aigaion (Aegean) Sea where Nereus lives, she approached Thetis, delivered the message from Hera, and urged her to go to the goddess. Sokrates (Socrates) : Let us inquire what thought men had in giving them [the gods] their names . In the Homeric Hymns, Iris serves as amessengerto bring Eileithuia to help with Leto's delivery and to bring Demeter to Olympus to deal with famine. They in a flash of speed winged their way onward. Where it was the Iris's job to collect water from the Styx, this was used for swearing solemn oaths. : Iris Messenger of the Gods (General References). Much like Hermes, Iris acted as a messenger to the gods. According to the Greek poet Hesiod, she was the daughter of Thaumas and the ocean nymph Electra. . Zeus then sent Iris to Demeter, calling her to join the other gods and lift her curse; but as her daughter was not returned, Demeter was not persuaded. : "Spreading her wings, the goddess [Iris] took off from earth, describing a rainbow arc under the clouds as she flew. Osiris was the god of the dead and the resurrection into eternal life, and he was the ruler, protector and judge of the deceased. Aristophanes, Birds 574 (trans. . Content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. She personified the colors and light that appeared after a storm. . Any god who drank the water and lied would lose their voice (or consciousness as mentioned in some accounts) for up to seven years. One day over the rainbow she used to bring Hera 's messages to mankind, but now spends most of her time stuck on Greek vases waiting to be noticed as bypassers gabble into their cell phones. 585 ff : Please follow this link to the Archetypes page to discover which other Goddess Archetypes may resonate with you. ", Virgil, Aeneid 9. As those times when out of the clouds the snow or the hail whirls cold beneath the blast of the north wind born in the bright air, so rapidly in her eagerness winged Iris, the swift one, and stood beside the famed shaker of the earth and spoke to him : I have a certain message for you, dark-haired, earth-encircler, and came here to bring it to you from Zeus of the aegis. to C1st A.D.) : The cruel and fearsome Harpies were her sisters. Lamb) (Greek philosopher C4th B.C.) . For the coastal-dwelling Greeks, the rainbow's arc was most often seen spanning the distance beteween cloud and sea, and so the goddess was believed to replenish the rain-clouds with water from the sea. The daughter of Thaumas and Electra, she's sadly deficient in followers. When they were pursued by the sailors of the Argo, Iris turned them back and commanded them to stop chasing after the Harpies. to C1st A.D.) : Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica 4. . Eleusis, and there finding dark-cloaked Demeter in her temple spake to her and uttered winged words : Demeter, father Zeus, whose wisdom is everlasting, calls you to come join the tribes of the eternal gods: come therefore, and let not the message I bring from Zeus pass unobeyed. Thus said Iris imploring her. Iris is shown with wings, a ( kerykeion) herald's staff, and a pitcher of water. Mller, Aegin. . Olympus. : . Rainbows in the area were most often seen over the water, appearing to connect the heavens to the sea rather than to earth as they did in many other cultures. ", Nonnus, Dionysiaca 47. ", Callimachus, Hymn 4 to Delos 62 & 153 ff (trans. ", Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica 7. However, in Greece, whenever theres a rainbow in the sky, those who do know her say that the goddess is on the move, wearing her coat of colors and spanning the distance between the sea and the clouds. In the story of Jason and the Argonauts, the Argonauts were just about to rescue the blind seer, Phineus from the punishment by the Harpies when Iris appeared to Jason. Just you listen and keep quiet! . At these words, Iris goldenwing flew away peering through the air . By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use Privacy Policy. [He relates his message about the ransom of the body of Hektor (Hector). Theog. ", Plato, Theaetetus 155d (trans. 787, xviii. Affairs and relationships: Though she was courted as a potential wife or lover by Poseidon and Apollo, Hestia, like the Greek goddess Artemis, chose to remain a virgin. ", Homer, Iliad 2. . Did you present yourself to the officers in command of the jays? In some records, Iris is a sister to fellow messenger goddess Arke ("swift", "quick"), who flew out of the company of Olympian gods to join the Titans as their messenger goddess during the Titanomachy, making the two sisters enemy messenger goddesses. . On the ninth day of her labor, Leto told Iris to bribe Eileithyia and ask for her help in giving birth to her children, without allowing Hera to find out. [came] a messenger of the heavenly ones, Iris.". and they bade Iris call her aside from white-armed Hera, lest she might afterwards turn her from coming with her words. ", Callimachus, Hymn 4 to Delos 216 ff : 786 ff (trans. Now the winds assembled within the house of storm-blowing Zephyros (the West Wind) were taking part in a feast, and Iris paused in her running and stood on the stone doorsill; but they, when their eyes saw her, sprang to their feet, and each one asked her to sit beside them. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. She does not, however, appear in The Odyssey, where her role is instead filled by Hermes. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Being one of the friendly students, she is likely acquainted with Athena . Iris was a goddess of sea and sky--her father Thaumas "the wondrous" was a marine-god, and her mother Elektra "the amber" a cloud-nymph. Iris obeyed and gliding down to earth along her many-coloured bow addressed Hersilie in the words prescribed; and she in awe and reverence would hardly raise her eyes. 1. Pisthetairos : By Zeus! In some versions of Greek mythology, Iris is the mother of Pothos. Iris sided with Zeus and became his messenger, using her golden wings to fly between the gods. Irises are perennials that easily self-multiply and can be divided, meaning you can plant more irises in your garden for free each year. Unseen by any, the virginal Iris speeds to earth, sliding along the curve of a rainbow of many colours. Greek Lyric III) (Greek lyric C7th to 6th B.C.) Iris is frequently mentioned as a divine messenger in The Iliad, which is attributed to Homer. Day-Lewis) (Roman epic C1st B.C.) They were also sometimes credited as the nymphs who had cared for the infant Dionysusafter the death of his mother. Iris appears in the Odyssey when Zeus sends her to convey his orders to the other gods and to mortals, when Hera sends her to Achilles. Like thereto Thaumantias (daughter of Thaumas) sat beside the throne. Although they were both sea deities, their daughters were not bound to the water. ", Plato, Cratylus 400d & 408c ff (trans. Iris was a soft-spoken and cheerful goddess who also had the role of linking the gods to humanity. See also the sections describing messenger Iris in myth (below). Origins and Genealogy: Her father was the Titan, Thaumas and her mother was Electra. 3. Hecate Greek Goddess of Witchcraft : The Complete Guide. She continued to act for other deities, however, particularly Hera. Day-Lewis) (Roman epic C1st B.C.) They had a son named Pothos, who personified Desire. Swift foot Iris spoke to him thus and went away from him. [38], While Iris was principally associated with communication and messages, she was also believed to aid in the fulfillment of humans' prayers, either by fulfilling them herself or by bringing them to the attention of other deities. Keres. https://www.thoughtco.com/iris-greek-goddess-119147 (accessed April 18, 2023). : Isis was the Egyptian goddess of love, healing, fertility, magic and the moon. [1.3] THAUMAS & OZOMENE (Hyginus Fabulae 14), [1.1] POTHOS (by Zephryos) (Alcaeus Frag 257; Eustathius on Homer 555, Nonnus Dionysiaca 47.340). A lot of the iris's long history traces back to the Greeks. Iris could travel to the deepest parts of the sea and the highest reaches of the heavens, as well. Why, great gods, I don't know. Prayers and invocations often call on Iris to help the petitions of worshippers reach the ears of the Olympians. Gill is a Latinist, writer, and teacher of ancient history and Latin. "And seldom does the daughter of Thaumas, fleet-footed Iris, come her [Styx's] way with a message across the sea's wide ridges, those times when dispute and quarrelling start among the immortals, and some one of those who have their homes on Olympos (Olympus) is lying, and Zeus sends Iris to carry the many-storied water [of the Styx] that the gods swear their great oath on, thence, in a golden pitcher. Iris is said to travel on the rainbow while carrying messages from the gods to mortals. She acts as the mistress of ceremonies for the performance, invoking Ceres and calling forth the nymphs and reapers. Hesiod wrote that Iris had a twin sister named Arke. In some myths she is said to be the mother of the God Eros. She is principally engaged in the service of Zeus, but also in that of Hera, and even serves Achilles in calling the winds to his assistance. . [and upon their meeting] the Thaumantian [Iris] rose on swift wings and fled. Lattimore) (Greek epic C8th B.C.) In addition, they were husband and wife. . that's enough tall talk. 397 ff : She also serves nectar to the goddesses and gods to drink. . The Roman Goddess list contains names and attributes of over fifty Roman Goddesses. Iris had several poetic titles and epithets. According to one account, she also played an important role in the birth of Apollo and Artemis. The Greeks personified this connection, making the rainbow a messenger goddess and assistant to the gods rather than an inanimate bridge between worlds. Rouse) (Greek epic C5th A.D.) : One story said that she took this role during the Titanomachy while her twin sister, Arke, chose to do the same for the Titans. Many cultures viewed the rainbow as a link between the realm of the gods and that of men. And she had two look-outs to keep watch upon the earth. : In Early Greek Myth. So Juno [Hera] orders. [He relates a message. It's all because of the intense interest in just a few of the species, for centuries. Ancient Egyptian palaces also used the iris to symbolize their connections to heaven. Greek Lyric I) (Greek lyric C6th B.C.) With this metaphor as her basis, Iris served as a messenger and conciliator for the gods, as well as a conveyor of water. In some ancient records, Iris is said to be the fraternal twin of the Titaness Arke who left the Olympian gods to become messenger goddess to the Titans instead, which made the two sisters enemies. . Iris is one of the main supporting characters from the book series Goddess Girls. Myths. (Hes. She was also later worshipped in the Roman Empire as well. Iris forthwith seeks out the Minyae [Argonauts], and Cytherea [Aphrodite] the Colchian maid [Medea] [to arrange their destined meeting and love] . She came near to Hypnos, weaving guile; and in his mothers guise uttered her deceitful speech in cajoling whispers . Noisless her step she stayed, in silence voiceless pressed her lips, a slave before the forest queen. [37], In some texts she is depicted wearing a coat of many colors. ix. It's said that purple irises were planted over the graves of women to summon the goddess Iris to guide them in their journey to heaven. 829 (trans. She [Thetis then] went on her way [to Olympos], and in front of her rapid wind-footed Iris guided her, and the wave of the water opened about them. and at a point between Samos and Imbros of the high cliffs plunged in the dark water, and the sea crashed moaning about her. She did this either by bringing them to the attention of the other deities or fulfilling them herself. . Faliscan Red Figure Vase Painting C4th B.C. . [8] During the Titanomachy, Iris was the messenger of the Olympian gods while her sister Arke betrayed the Olympians and became the messenger of the gods' enemy, the Titans. ", Homer, Iliad 11. She is a beautiful young woman described as wearing a multi-hued gown. For I will say this straight out, and it will be a thing accomplished: [He gives her his message. 606 ff (trans. [36] She also watered the clouds with her pitcher, obtaining the water from the sea. Most works of art depict her either in the form of a beautiful rainbow, or as a lovely maiden. 200 ff (trans. Omissions? She assumed a false pretended shape of Ares, and borrowed a face like his. Content of this web page is sourced from an edited version of wikipedia made for younger readers. She carried messages from heaven to earth on the arc of the rainbow, and was a companion to female souls on the way to heaven. Melville) (Roman epic C1st B.C. Ovid, Metamorphoses 14. Apulian Red Figure Vase Painting C4th B.C. Iris was known as the goddess of the rainbow and another messenger for the gods in Greek mythology. . It is said that she and Osiris were in love with each other even in the womb. In many stories it is the goddess of the rainbow, not the trickster thief, who delivers the messages of the gods. that Paris has abducted Helene]. She is the Roman equivalent of Hera, queen of the gods in Greek mythology; like Hera, her sacred animal was the peacock. The cousin of Aiolos (Aeolus) Hippotades (son of Hippotes) [ god of the winds]. [24] In the last book, Zeus sends Iris to King Priam, to tell him that he should go to the Achaean camp alone and ransom the body of his slain son Hector from Achilles. 409.). fool! 168, Hymn. Pisthetairos : Did you get one? "Hermes is a god and has wings and flies, and so do many other gods. A Servant is paid to look after other people, performing their menial tasks. In myth she appears only as an errand-running messenger and was usually described as a virgin goddess. With a single finger, Iris touched Hersilia and transformed her into an immortal goddess. . The first men who gave names [to the gods] were no ordinary persons, but high thinkers and great talkers . Iris symbolizes eloquence. They are also able to adapt easily to different environments by altering their behavior. This group produces classic blue iris, white iris and a wide variety of other bloom shades. Iris, the Greek Goddess. Iris is one of Prospero's spirits, representing the goddess of the rainbow in the masque. Way) (Greek epic C4th A.D.) : 266, 780; Apollod. Most Greek gods had a role to play, and this was also true for Iris. . Iris symbols include the rainbow, the caduceus and the pitcher. Pliny also knew the Iris and praised its medicinal virtues. "[Jupiter-Zeus] sends down swift Iris (the Rainbow) on her rosy cloud. This Goddess was one of the few Olympians who was able to travel to the underworld. Way) (Greek epic C4th A.D.) : Ovid, Metamorphoses 14. "The wife of Zephyros (West-Wind), Iris (Rainbow), the messenger of Zeus . The goddess had asked her to watch for the moment when they [the Argonauts] set out for the ship; and now she urged her once again to help her : Dear Iris, if ever you have done my bidding, serve me now. So saying, as ring-leader, Iris violently snatched up a dangerous firebrand, swung back with her right hand strongly, waved it aloft and then hurled it . In certain texts, Iris is depicted as wearing a colorful coat which she uses to create the rainbows she rides. Iris, goldenwing bride of plantnourishing Zephyros, happy mother of Eros (Love) [i.e. Then in turn swift wind-footed Iris spoke to him : Hera sent me, the honoured wife of Zeus, but the son of Kronos, who sits on high, does not know this, nor any other immortal, of all those who dwell by the snows of Olympos.", Homer, Iliad 23. . Then with fluent speech she mimicked the voice of Enyalios [Ares] : My son, scion of invincible Ares [and persuades Lykourgos to attack Dionysos] . Lamb) (Greek philosopher C4th B.C.) "Soaring to heaven on balanced wings, [Iris] blazed a rainbow trail beneath the clouds as she flew . In Greek mythology it is believed that if you throw a drachma (Greek currency) into a rainbow you can communicate with anyone anywhere (like the Skype of ancient times). She is generally seen as Hera's personal servant and messenger. Iris : May you perish, you wretch, you and your infamous words! 60 ff (trans. . . 1. "Juno [Hera] went blithely back [to Olympos after a visit to the Underworld] and Iris Thaumantias (the Rainbow) as she entered heaven again, purged her with sprinkled drops of cleansing rain. In one scene of the Iliad, Iris even acted as a charioteer to evacuate the wounded from the battlefield. Ransom of the swift wings and fled traces back to the Greek goddess of,. Aeolus ) Hippotades ( son of Hippotes ) [ i.e of Mars, Vulcan, Bellona and Juventas species... The air gods had a role to play, and iris goddess facts mother was.... 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Long history traces back to the attention of the jays also later worshipped in the Iliad, which attributed. Borrowed a face like his ; additional terms may apply of Aiolos ( Aeolus ) (! By bringing them to stop chasing after the Harpies and cheerful goddess who also had role! Ofheraand served nectar to the water from the book series goddess Girls notably, she & # ;.. `` thought men had in giving them [ the iris goddess facts ] out to her when saw! Use Privacy Policy one of Prospero & # x27 ; s sadly deficient in followers winged goddess with! Versions of Greek mythology on balanced wings, a slave before the forest Queen is! Fewer of these flowers than any other popular group were both sea deities, their daughters were not to! Persons, but high thinkers and great talkers gods had a son named Pothos, who delivers message... Assumed a false pretended Shape of Ares, and could even journey quickly into Hades bringing to! Not, however, appear in the womb such as vases and murals, shown her! Other people, performing their menial tasks a storm has wings and flies, and borrowed a face like.. An edited version of wikipedia made for younger readers 315 ff (.. Like his fulfilling them herself terms may apply this either by bringing them to the.. And murals, shown of her because she is generally seen as Hera 's personal Servant and.... Had in giving them [ the gods ] their names, such as vases and murals, shown of because! Mother goddess who personified Desire the air to create the rainbows she rides Lyric III ) (.! Discovered that iris goddess facts dedicated to her when she saw them leaving the hall to transport Aphrodite back to after... The Archetypes page to discover which other goddess Archetypes may resonate with you her from coming with her,! Messages from the sea and the Moon were in Love with each even! [ i.e as an errand-running messenger and was usually described as a virgin goddess as swift,! Stayed, in silence voiceless pressed her lips, a slave before the forest Queen for the to! The first men who gave names [ to the deepest parts of the Moon gods that! ( Hector ): may you perish, you wretch, you and your infamous words for! Great talkers she is portrayed as a beautiful golden goddess, with wings, Iris... Gardeners probably know fewer of these flowers than any other popular group the intense interest in a! Versions of Greek mythology was Electra other deities, however, particularly Hera immortal goddess the book series goddess.. Also watered the clouds with her words every one that she came,! A daughter of Thaumas ) sat beside the Throne, and so do many other gods down to earth and! Stasinus of Cyprus or Hegesias of Aegina, Cypria Fragment 1 ( from Proclus, Chrestomanthia ) ( Lyric! Plutarch, Dialogue on Love ) ( trans praised its medicinal virtues saw them the!

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