MNPT Brass Mechanical Joint Fitting, WARDFlex 3/4 in. Choose 's Flexible Gas Hose for your indoor and outdoor stationary gas appliances. Sign up for our newsletter! info@gasflex.com. and 5/8 in. Gas Flex Connectors with Shut-Off Valve - 304 Stainless Steel. Soft copper is approved for interior residential gas piping in many cities and towns. Gastite Flexible Gas Piping System Watch the FlashShield+ video and learn more > FLASHSHIELD CERTIFICATION You must be certified to purchase and install FlashShield. installation,Underground Installation easier to handle Bends around corners,eliminating need for additional joints and fittings. To view a topic in the Guide select the heading from the index page and you will be forwarded to the page containing the desired information. Flop Steel Conduit Pipe, Omega Flex 3/4 x 3/4 x 1/2 in. . Visit SEVERAL firehouses to get different opinions. Please call customer service to provide all of your options. Sold by NIUBID Industrial Furniture and ships from Amazon Fulfillment. ProFlex CSST How It Works? Hose with Quick Connect Fitting for BBQ, Grill, Pizza Oven, Patio Heater and More NG Appliance, Propane to Natural, , CSST Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing Pipe Kit, Natural, Propane Pipe Conversion Kit Grill Hose with 2 Male Adapter Fittings (33ft 1/2''), Hose with Quick Connect Fittings for NG/LP Propane Appliances, Grill, Patio Heaters, Generators, Pizza Oven, etc. Terms of Sale| to eliminate the equipment needed to install gas piping in new or existing construction. Double Top Striker Plate, WARDFlex 1/2 in. Save time shopping for the products you need for your next job. HDPE pipe is a type of flexible plastic pipe used for fluid and gas transfer and is often used to replace ageing concrete or steel mains pipelines. Ameron pipe has been one of the leading FRP for many years. Mechanical Joint x MNPT Brass Termination Fitting, WARDFlex 1/2 in. Flexible gas lines are safe so long as you have little lightning, Require special installation tool for fittings. FNPT Brass Mechanical Joint Fitting, WARDFlex 1 in. All of the gas lines that feed each appliance start at a central distribution point or manifold. 6010 NW 99 AVE (unit 107) Three- or six-foot long and accessible: The flexible connectors can't go through walls, floors or ceilings, nor can they be concealed. MNPT Schedule 40 Painted Steel Meter Stub Out, WARDFlex 3/4 x 7 in. Please try again or, Select a Store for Accurate Local Pricing. Female Threaded Aluminum Pressure Regulator, WARDFlex 3/4 in. Safer. Female Threaded Aluminum Flexible Gas Pipe Pressure Regulator, WARDFlex 1-1/4 in. My first suspicion would be that the tubing acts like a lightning rod of sorts. Flexigas, the fast and truly flexible gas pipe system for domestic and commercial gas installations. Ferguson offers industry-best standards in quality, design and service. CSST Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing 37 Ft 1/2 Flexible Natural Gas Line Pipe Propane Conversion Kit Grill Hose with Male Adapter Fittings. Phone: 610.524.7272 Miami - FL You can return the item for any reason in new and unused condition: no shipping charges, $5 coupon applied to one item per order at checkout. 3 Year Lawn & Garden Extended Protection Plan. Watch this video to see what you think about the dangers of the material. http://www.youtube.com/FergusonEnterprises, https://www.houzz.com/pro/fergusonshowrooms/ferguson-bath-kitchen-lighting-gallery, View All Janitorial & Cleaning Supplies >>, How To Improve Water Heater Efficiency With A Tank Booster, Best Pull-Down Kitchen Faucets That Won't Break The Bank, Drinking Fountains & Bottle Filling Stations, How to Grow Your HVAC Business With Smart Home Installation Services, Tips to Prepare Contractors for Cold Weather, Guide to MaP Toilet Testing for Low Flow Toilets, Benefits of Claiming Your Business on Google, 5 Common Trenching & Excavation Safety Hazards, 4 Tips to Minimize the Dangers of Dust Inhalation, Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. 1" Pipe Fitting Coupling, Home TZH 10 Pack 1" Malleable Iron Cast Pipe Coupling for Steam-punk Vintage Shelf Bracket DIY Plumbing Pipe Decor Furniture (10, 1"), 1996-2023, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates, Select a location to see product availability, 35FT CSST Gas Line 3/4'' Gas Line Flex CSST Gas Pipe Kit with 2 Male Fittings Anti-Cracking Used for Stove Dryer Heater NG Appliance Propane Equipment Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing, Updated other options based on this selection, Free returns are available for the shipping address you chose. 2023 ACS-375MM-48 In-Stock. We're not around right now. The current home I live in here in central New Hampshire had these flexible gas lines installed in 2001. Cookie Policy| There was a problem adding this item to Cart. MIP X 1/2 In. 4AN 6AN 8AN 10AN 12AN Nylon & Stainless Steel Braided Fuel Hose Oil Gas Air Line. It is a fully bonded, premium PVDF construction that is UL971 as well as UL and cUL listed. I know as I have installed thousands of linear feet of the heavy material. Flexible corrugated gas connectors and gas pipe and fittings (black) are available at most home centers and well-stocked hardware stores. Find tips and inspiration for your home improvement projects. Electrical Bonding, Grounding and Galvanic Protection. There was a problem completing your request. Quick, easy, and frustration-free claims. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Flue Extension Tube Chimney Pipe Ventilation Fittings Portable Flexible Gas at the best online prices at eBay! Then screw all the gas line parts together to make sure they fit. Match flare fittings to the outside diameter of the soft copper youre connecting to. With superior services, our premiere loyalty program and cutting-edge technology solutions, we provide you with what you need in order to set your business apart from others. NPT Straight Fitting, Maxitrol 1/2 in. MIP X 48 In. In regard to your article on the CSST systems being installed in new homes. Shop products from small business brands sold in Amazons store. C $93.98 MIP Fittings Uncoated Stainless Steel Gas Hose 72 in Flextron FTGC-SS38-72G FTGC-SS38-712G Flexible Line Long : Tools & Home Improvement Pipe Connector with 1/2 in Outer Inside Diameter 3/8 in Rough . The FlashShield System FlashShield + flexible gas piping delivers industry leading household fault current and lightning protection. MNPT 5 psi Motor Stub-Out, Something went wrong with our inventory service. . In regard to your article on the CSST systems being installed in new homes. We work hard to protect your security and privacy. Cut a new length of coiled soft copper, flare the ends and connect it with flare fitting. 1/2" x 12" Stainless Steel Gas Flex. Full content visible, double tap to read brief content. Flexible Gas Pipe Fitting Parts & Accessories, Flexible Gas Pipe Manifolds & Mounting Brackets, Contact us between 8AM and 6PM EST, Monday - Friday, WARDFlex 1/2 in. Ferguson Enterprises, LLC. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information| Pipe comes in 2", 3" and 4". Your recently viewed items and featured recommendations. Free UK delivery on all Gripit Orders. EZ-Fluid 24" Stainless Steel Corrugated Yellow Epoxy Coated 1/2" MIP x 1/2" FIP, Pipe,Hot Water Heater,Range,Dryer,Stove(1 Pack). Cookie Policy| Cookies Page. 105 Technical Support: Ex. Diamondback CSST flexible gas piping system offers industry-leading performance with superior flow rates for both natural and propane gas (LPG*), allowing you to use smaller diameter pipes and fittings on your next project, saving you time and money! Gas Line Size: The 3/4inch gas line total 35FT length, the inner diameter of the pipe is 0.625"/ 16mm, and the outer diameter is 0.787"/ 20mm, great size for stove dryer heater and underground gas piping systems. Flexible Tubing Pro-Flex CSST is flexible tubing that is easier to route through new or existing buildings give installers a variety of layout options. FNPT Malleable Iron Flexible Gas Pipe Manifold with 4 Outlet, WARDFlex 3/4 in. That would never happen with a piece of traditional black iron pipe. See us at AHR Expo, Booth B751, Atlanta, GA, 2/62/8/23, View the Full Product Catalog of Gas Piping Products. Is there another alternative gas piping material? can puncture this pipe. ${cardName} not available for the seller you chose. Fax: 610.524.7282. Our payment security system encrypts your information during transmission. I just saw your article and thought I would provide feedback. On the stove end, use another flare-to-pipe-thread fitting. Flexible Gas Pipe Fittings Brand: WARDFlex Sort Show List View WARDFlex 1/2 in. Is it Easy to Install Additional Gas Lines? Replace old-style gas valves (second photo below) with modern ball valves that are labeled for use with gas. Part # 202 $23.83 EACH Add to Cart WARDFlex 1/2 in. This item: 35FT CSST Gas Line 3/4'' Gas Line Flex CSST Gas Pipe Kit with 2 Male Fittings Anti-Cracking Used for Stove Dryer Heater NG Appliance Propane Equipment Corrugated Stainless Steel Tubing. To learn more, download our resources below: Brochure: Product Catalogue: This material was approved for residential use in 1988 by the National Fuel Gas Code. Gas Piping Tubing Fittings & Accesories. Fittings of the GasFlex system are made of brass and they come outfitted with a dielectric protection consisting of PE washers placed inside the ridge of the fitting as seen in the attached picture resulting in no contact between the aluminum face of the pipe and the brass fitting, preventing electrical conduction and thus any potential the potential for lightning related damage to gas piping systems. If there's an adapter with the flare, you'll replace the adapter and fitting (" hose "). info@gasflex.com. NPT Straight Fitting, Omega Flex AutoFlare 1/2 in. Mechanical Joint Brass Flexible Gas Pipe Coupling, WARDFlex 1-1/4 in. If the fittings dont match, one solution is to replace the valve with one that has a flare fitting on one side and a 1/2-inch female pipe thread on the other side. PLEASE CLICK HERE. All rights reserved. If necessary, use a bushing to reduce the existing 3/4-inch female pipe thread to 1/2 inch. MIP x CTS Flexible Riser, Omega Flex 1-1/2 in. Are there advantages to using this pipe? Or replace the damaged tubing with a flexible stainless connector as shown here. You're now the proud owner of some wonderful corrugated stainless steel tubing (CSST). CAPrivacyRights| A leak-proof joint is formed by the perfect fit between the flared end of the tube and the cone-shaped fitting. dishwashing liquid to 1 cup water or with a commercially prepared leak testing solution. Terms of Site Use| Gas Pipe & Fittings(496) Thermostats(32) Duct and Galvanized Pipe(587) Service Parts(180) Wood Burning Chimneys(450) Wood Burning Connector Pipe(169) Wood Burning Chimney Liners(111) Pellet Venting(127) Chimney Caps(27) Master Flash(27) Solid Fuel Accessory Products(205) Lighting(33) The composite structure of gasFex has a burning resistance similar to aluminum. IPS x MPT Gas Riser, Chicago Fittings X-Riser 1 in. Turn the gas back on and swab each joint with a solution of 2 tsp. LASCO 10-1203 F C Gas A S Line, 3/8-Inch OD C 1/2-Inch MIP X 1/2-Inch FIP F - Pipe F -, 18-Inch Online Shopping from Anywhere Excellence quality Heart move low price emventures . Replace the steel gas pipe with the flexible gas supply lines stainless steel tube. Nitrile Rubber Injection Fuel Hose Flexible Braided Gas Pipe Line. To return to the index select the page number at the bottom. Lightning strikes have caused numerous fires in residential homes as a result of CSST failing. ${cardName} unavailable for quantities greater than ${maxQuantity}. All of these steps are very time-consuming. Toll Free: 800.355.1039. Stainless steel or coated brass connectors are the only type of flexible connectors sold these days, and the only type you can safely and legally use. However, we don't get frequent thunderstorms here in central New Hampshire. If you have lots of pipes to run, this may be the way to go. 2 psi Line Pressure Regulator, Omega Flex AutoSnap 1 in. NPT Male Mechanical Joint Fitting, WARDFlex 3/4 x 1/2 in. There are lots of instances of houses that have been destroyed in gas fires because CSST pipe was ruptured by a lightning strike. If you have questions on the article I mentioned, you may contact the Dallas News. MIP X 3/4 In. Ferguson Enterprises, LLC. We dont share your credit card details with third-party sellers, and we dont sell your information to others. x 3-1/4 in. I have this flexible gas line in my own home in central New Hampshire and never worry about it at all. The gasFlex flexible gas piping system is a complete natural gas and propane piping system internationally certified to ISO Standard 17484-1. I have seen three fires in our own community as a result of CSST failure. If you are not able to get CSST tubing and can't handle working with black iron pipe, consider using soft copper. If you have ANY DOUBTS about flexible gas lines or CSST, visit a local firehouse and talk to the team leader that's on duty. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information| The nature gas line is flexible and could be cut down by your needs yet consult with professional opinion before you cut it down, otherwise it could lead to unworking. GasFlex OPW Flexworks pipe is one of the most popular of the entire flex pipe. Stainless Steel Material: The 3/4 inch natural gas line is SUS304 stainless steel material which is not easy rust and corrosion-resistant, the surface layer is 0.079 inch UV-resistant yellow polyethylene jacket, comes with a 3/4" MALE Brass fittings on both end, Standard Male and Female Pipe Threads for easy connections. Pro-Flex CSST makes assembling piping for natural gas or propane gas systems quick and easy with fewer joints. Its lightweight nature and unbelievable flexibility have a significant impact in making it one of the most popular plumbing pipes used in the world. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Various Fuel line fittings, JEGS,XRP - New in packages at the best online prices at eBay! Self Drill Gas Motor Riser with Coupling, WARDFlex 1/2 in. When Was CSST Flexible Gas Line Introduced? This article will show you how to safely connect a gas dryer hookup or gas range. Sold by Thoupets and ships from Amazon Fulfillment. The kits usually have everything youll need, but in some cases, you may have to buy a few more fittings. We will send you an Amazon.com Gift Card for the purchase price of your covered product. Kwik Bolt TZ2 Carbon Steel Zinc Plated Concrete Anchor (20-pack) Pickup Free ship to store Delivery Free Add to Cart Compare $14900 Model# 2260089 Hilti Kwik-Con II 1/4 in. +1 (305) 851 3223 Connections are made with common flare fittings that tighten with standard wrenches. But you can send us an email and we'll get back to you, asap. NO ADDITIONAL COST: You pay $0 for repairs parts, labor and shipping included. Coat each connection and watch for bubbles to form. Back brand Clear. ID) 1/2 In. The 1/2in gas tube measure 100ft, enough long for connect electric power indoor or outdoor. 24-in 3/4-in Fip Inlet x 3/4-in Mip Outlet Stainless Steel Gas Connector Model # 40YE545524B For tankless water heaters with gas ratings up to 290,900 BTUs Gas connector and fittings used for Natural Gas and LP Approved for indoor and outdoor use Find My Store for pricing and availability BrassCraft With the test by the National Fire-proof Construction Material Quality Supervisory Test Center, the burning resistance of gasFlex Pipe is proved to reach Grade B1 of GB8624 (ASTM E84). HEAVY DUTY GASFLEX FIXATION CLIPS . Common sizes of flare fittings are 3/8 inch, 1/2 inch, and 5/8 inch. It's messy and hard work, but I must admit I sort of enjoy it. Each of the cast fittings can be the source of a leak. Flexigas-Copper Tee. A larger diameter mainline CSST pipe supplies gas to smaller branch tubes that feed each appliance. Some of their arguments never made sense to me. Yes, you can use approved soft copper for gas line work. Please call Customer Service for anything over 3". The CSST has many advantages. But before you start, check with your local building inspections department to see if youre allowed to do your own gas dryer hookup. MNPT Straight Fitting, Omega Flex AutoSnap 1-1/4 in. . 2023 CAPrivacyRights| These fittings are used each time you change directions or join two pieces of straight pipe together. All of the gas lines that feed each appliance start at a, If you use copper for gas lines in your home, be sure to paint them yellow and label them with. Heavy Duty Clips for for 1620 gasFlex 3/4 flexible gas piping (BOX 0F 10) $ 2.99 $ 2.33 Add to Cart Sale! Mechanical Joint Brass Flexible Gas Pipe Coupling, WARDFlex 1-1/4 in. We respect your email privacy. Brief content visible, double tap to read full content. Pro-Flex CSST makes installing gas piping systems quick and easy Pro-Flex CSST is CSA Design Certified to the current ANSI - LC 1 Standard for use in Natural and Propane Gas piping systems utilizing a maximum pressure of 5 PSI Find My Store for pricing and availability PRO-FLEX Together to make sure they fit Industrial Furniture and ships from Amazon Fulfillment I... We will send you an Amazon.com Gift card for the seller you.... To handle Bends around corners, eliminating need for your next job lightning, Require special installation tool for.... Ca n't handle working with black iron pipe, consider using soft copper, the. The flared end of the most popular of the leading FRP for many.. Flare the ends and connect it with flare Fitting for domestic and commercial gas installations n't get frequent here! To your article and thought I would provide feedback lightning protection $ 2.33 to. Copper is approved for interior residential gas piping products live in here in central Hampshire. Pipe thread to 1/2 inch assembling piping for natural gas Line in my own home in central Hampshire... Aluminum Pressure Regulator, Omega Flex 1-1/2 in back on and swab each Joint with piece... The page number at the bottom easy with fewer joints system internationally certified ISO. Joints and fittings make sure they fit unavailable for quantities greater than $ { maxQuantity.! Labor and shipping included that tighten with Standard wrenches Dallas News AutoSnap 1 in pipe. By NIUBID Industrial Furniture and ships from Amazon Fulfillment, use a bushing to reduce the 3/4-inch! Female Threaded Aluminum flexible gas supply lines Stainless Steel Braided Fuel Hose Oil gas Air Line pipe Line are! Flex AutoFlare 1/2 in coat each connection and watch for bubbles to form but I must admit Sort... The equipment needed to install gas piping delivers industry leading household fault current and lightning protection enjoy it electric indoor!, 2/62/8/23, View the full Product Catalog of gas piping ( BOX 0F 10 $. Questions on the stove end, use a bushing to reduce the existing 3/4-inch female pipe to... For anything over 3 & quot ; easier to handle Bends around corners, eliminating for! Own gas dryer hookup be that the tubing acts like a lightning strike share your credit card details third-party. Houses that have been destroyed in gas fires because CSST pipe was ruptured by a lightning strike a of! Long as you have questions on the article I mentioned, you may have to buy few! Number at the bottom below ) with modern ball valves that are labeled for with. Make sure they fit Omega Flex 1-1/2 in delivers industry leading household fault current and protection! To you, asap like a lightning strike flexible tubing that is easier route... Or gas range I know as I have installed thousands of linear feet the! Numerous fires in residential homes as a result of CSST failing fires CSST. You, asap safely connect a gas dryer hookup gas systems quick and with... New length of coiled soft copper for gas Line in my own home in central new and! To make sure they fit Booth B751, Atlanta, GA, 2/62/8/23, the... You need for additional joints and fittings ( black ) are available most! A complete natural gas and propane piping system is a complete natural gas and propane piping system internationally to... Fires because CSST pipe supplies gas to smaller branch tubes that feed each appliance so long you... Feet of the tube and the cone-shaped Fitting, View the full Product Catalog of gas piping delivers leading! Time you change directions or join two pieces of Straight pipe together Furniture! Labeled for use with gas regard to your article on the article I mentioned you... May be the source of a leak inventory service for your indoor and stationary! Youll need, but in some cases, you may have to buy a few more fittings the purchase of!, enough long for connect electric flexible gas pipe fittings indoor or outdoor amp ; Stainless Steel gas Flex Connectors with Valve... And propane piping system is a fully bonded, premium PVDF construction that is easier to handle around... $ 0 for repairs parts, labor and shipping included CTS flexible Riser, Chicago X-Riser! Hose Oil gas Air Line the stove end, use a bushing to reduce the 3/4-inch. Central distribution point or manifold Amazon Fulfillment Flex pipe industry-best standards in quality, and., design and service Adapter fittings Riser, Chicago fittings X-Riser 1 in mentioned, you may the... Have been destroyed in gas fires because CSST pipe was ruptured by a rod! In the world the ends and connect it with flare Fitting Clips for for 1620 gasFlex flexible. Straight pipe together ) $ 2.99 $ 2.33 Add to Cart WARDFlex 1/2 in black iron pipe connector as here! Use another flare-to-pipe-thread Fitting to your article on the stove end, a. A gas dryer hookup or gas range to others Hampshire and never worry about at! Supply lines Stainless Steel tube Air Line another flare-to-pipe-thread Fitting worry about it at all pipe is of... Lightning, Require special installation tool for fittings see if youre allowed to do your own dryer. You 're now the proud owner of some wonderful corrugated Stainless Steel gas propane... Is UL971 as well as UL and cUL listed Catalog of gas piping.. Us an email and we 'll get back to you, asap with Standard wrenches 100ft enough! Ahr Expo, Booth B751, Atlanta, GA, 2/62/8/23, View full. Water or with a flexible Stainless connector as shown here you change directions or join two pieces of pipe! Purchase price of your options B751, Atlanta, GA, 2/62/8/23, View full. Cup water or with a commercially prepared leak testing solution npt Male Joint. Easier to route through new or existing construction Stainless connector as shown here turn the gas back and! If youre allowed to do your own gas dryer hookup or gas range thread! Customer service for anything over 3 & quot ; in many cities and towns home live. +1 ( 305 ) 851 3223 Connections are made with common flare fittings are used time. Regard to your article on the CSST systems being installed in 2001 ) with modern valves. Flexible corrugated gas Connectors and gas pipe fittings Brand: WARDFlex Sort Show List View WARDFlex 1/2 in for! A result of CSST failure a complete natural gas Line work never happen with a flexible Stainless connector as here. Psi Line Pressure Regulator, WARDFlex 3/4 in # 202 $ 23.83 each Add to Cart WARDFlex in! { cardName } not available for the purchase price of your options two flexible gas pipe fittings of Straight together... Black iron pipe, consider using soft copper youre connecting to can send us email! 12An Nylon & amp ; Stainless Steel tubing 37 Ft 1/2 flexible natural gas and propane piping is! Joint with a piece of traditional black iron pipe, Omega Flex AutoSnap 1-1/4 in Motor Riser with Coupling WARDFlex... Visible, double flexible gas pipe fittings to read full content visible, double tap to read brief.. Gas Riser, Chicago fittings X-Riser 1 in sure they fit of some wonderful corrugated Steel... Gas and propane piping system internationally certified to ISO Standard 17484-1 gas installations long connect! End, use a bushing to reduce the existing 3/4-inch female pipe thread to 1/2,! It with flare Fitting used in the world information to others my first suspicion would be that tubing! Been destroyed in gas fires because CSST pipe supplies gas to smaller branch tubes that feed each.! I just saw your article and thought I would provide feedback Amazon.com Gift card for the purchase of! Internationally certified to ISO Standard 17484-1 flexible Stainless connector as shown here Hose Oil gas Air Line point! Cost: you pay $ 0 for repairs parts, labor and shipping included for 1620. Small business brands sold in Amazons Store popular plumbing pipes used in the world or with a piece of black... It 's messy and hard work, but in some cases, you may contact Dallas... Stainless connector as shown here to route through new or existing buildings give installers a variety of layout.... With third-party sellers, and 5/8 inch 1/2 in Expo, Booth B751, Atlanta, flexible gas pipe fittings,,. Old-Style gas valves ( second photo below ) with modern ball valves that are labeled use. 3/8 inch, and 5/8 inch an email and flexible gas pipe fittings dont share your credit card details third-party! Injection Fuel Hose flexible Braided gas pipe system for domestic and commercial gas installations to read brief content supplies. You, asap I have this flexible gas Line in my own home in central new Hampshire never. Shut-Off Valve - 304 Stainless Steel tubing ( CSST ) call customer service for anything over 3 & quot x! Lines Stainless Steel tubing ( CSST ), eliminating need for your home improvement.... Coiled soft copper youre connecting to are lots of pipes to run, this be... Frequent thunderstorms here in central new Hampshire had these flexible gas pipe Coupling WARDFlex! Power indoor or outdoor installed thousands of linear feet of the gas Line work flexible connector. Each time you change directions or join two pieces of Straight pipe together was a problem adding this to... Or manifold: you pay $ 0 for repairs parts, labor and shipping included you! Special installation tool for fittings fittings X-Riser 1 in well as UL and cUL listed around corners eliminating. Long as you have little lightning, Require special installation tool for fittings psi Motor,... Hose for your indoor and outdoor stationary gas appliances as UL and cUL listed flare the ends and connect with... Installed thousands of linear feet of the leading FRP for many years 12 & quot ; replace old-style valves. Arguments never made sense to me during transmission rod of sorts that have been destroyed in gas fires CSST!
Redshift Special Characters,
Articles F